• multiple Operating Systems, one computer
• emulation, paravirtualization, full virtualization
• emulation: interpret hardware calls via a program. No OS modification required. Slow (sometimes)
• paravirtualization: modify the Operating system.
• full virtualization: hardware supports virtualization, but OSes must be for same hardware
• emulation: MAME, bochs, MS Virtual PC, vmware
• paravirtualization: xen, UML
• full: xen, VM
• all can be rebooted/hacked/installed independently
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